Finding Forces

Johanna Ivaska: Finding opposing forces in integrins

JCB • VOLUME 208 • NUMBER 6 • 2015 652 Johanna Ivaska will tell you that she never planned to continue studying integrins, the sticky transmembrane receptors that grab onto a cell’s extracellular environment, after her PhD. But somehow the integrins seemed to be stuck on her. As a PhD student at the University of Turku in Finland, Ivaska chose a laboratory investigating collagen-binding integri...

Finding the Generalized Forces of a Series-Parallel Manipulator

In this work the kinematic and dynamic analyses of a robot manipulator whose topology consists of parallel kinematic structures with linear actuators are approached by means of the theory of screws and the principle of virtual work. The input/output equations of velocity and acceleration are obtained by applying screw theory. Then the generalized forces of the manipulat...

The Effect of High Heel Shoes on Tibiofemoral and Patellofemoral joint Contact Forces and Muscle Forces

Introduction: High heel shoes affect the knee joint and can cause arthritis in the tibiofemoral (TFJ) and patellofemoral joints (PFJ). There is a dearth of research investigating the contact forces of TFJ and PFJ. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to assess the effect of high heel shoes on muscle forces as well as TFJ, and PFJ contact forces during walking.   Materials & Methods: A tot...

Finding Cells, Finding Molecules, Finding Patterns

Many modern molecular labelling techniques result in bright point signals. Signals from molecules that are detected directly inside a cell can be captured by fluorescence microscopy. Signals representing different types of molecules may be randomly distributed in the cells or show systematic patterns, indicating that the corresponding molecules have specific, non-random localisations and functi...

Internal Forces in Piles “Under External Forces and Earthquake in Homogeneous and Nonhomogeneous Media”